Hungary is the recent European leader in Chinese investment: but who benefits?
Article by Magdolna Sass on the Institute of World Economics’ blog
Over the past two decades, China’s share of the world economy’s total FDI stock has grown rapidly. While in 2000 the country’s share was negligible, by 2023 it accounted for nearly 7% of the total stock, according to UNCTAD data. This rapid growth contrasts with the stagnating share of the other BRICs and the slightly or significantly declining share of the leading developed economies (especially the US). Since 2009, China has been the “podium” country in terms of annual outward FDI inflows every year, mostly behind the US and ahead of Japan in the ranking. Nevertheless, there have been years when China has been the largest source of outward FDI in the world economy: for example, in 2014 or 2020. In 2022, China accounted for more than 10% of total annual outward FDI in the world economy, and in 2023 for more than 9.5%. Including Hong Kong, these shares are more than 17% and more than 16% respectively (UNCTAD). (Further growth is likely to continue, as outward FDI in China accounted for 16% of GDP in 2023, compared to an OECD average of 52% and even around 20% for Central and Eastern European countries.)
