Russia’s gas weapon in Central and Eastern Europe: Diverging responses from three friendly states
In: Mišík, M., Figulová, A. (Eds.) EU Energy and Climate Policy after Covid-19 and the Invasion of Ukraine: Decarbonisation and Security in Transition. Abingdon – New York, Routledge, pp. 119–137. (2025).
Abstract
This book chapter explores how Hungary, Bulgaria, and Serbia responded to Russia’s post-February 2022 use of the ‘gas weapon’, exercised through four models of influence: ‘compellence’, ‘normative communication’, ‘resource denial’, and ‘political fracture’.
